Automation Scripts live under “Automations” in Airtable and are an action in an automation (Link). A Scripting Extension is a script block which lives under extensions in your Airtable base (Link). They can be initiated via the block itself or via a button in Airtable. When you’re setting up a button, you’re able to select “Run script” as the button action.

This means that Automation Scripts can run without the user (triggered by any automation trigger), whereas Scripting Extensions are initiated by the user (via button click or on the script block itself). Automation Scripts are currently only available on the Pro or Enterprise plans